Khmer

Along with English practicing school, we also have Khmer in the curriculum. In this 2017-2018 school year, specifically in Khmer class, we are focusing on writing and researching the information to present in front of the whole class. Within the first term of the school year, we’ve been researching the information about Pchhum Ben, which is the Buddhist tradition festival that occurs every September and it lasted for 15 days, during the rainy season in Cambodia. So, every citizen needs to make food to offer to the monk at the pagoda in order to direct all the food and merit to the ancestors that already passed away. The research attached to this link:  Here.

Physic

After an annual paucity of physic, we finally evoked this significant topic into our Essential. After a full understanding about Newton’s Laws, currently, we are focusing on Static Equilibrium, frictions, and inclined plane. I’ve been going through many exercises in class, as well as the coefficient of static friction lab. This is legitimately important to Liger’s students as well as me.

AP Statistic

This is the first ever time, that about a half of Liger Leadership Academy students are studying AP Statistic. This advanced program is really difficult for me, I need to manage my time to read, to do the problematic exercises, also to do other assessments. Already stated, I need to be an initiative to seek out for help from the teacher as a consequence finding practices from other useful websites such as Khan Academy. Besides, I have many challenges to study this course since it was in the second language for me. So by the end of this year, this 15-years old boy’s goal is to take the actual test and pass it, in order for me to have a better education in university or college’s courses.

 

The History of Pchum Ben Day

ប្រវត្តិបុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ

តើបុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ ប្រារព្ធនៅពេលណា?

ពីសម័យពុទ្ធកាលគេប្រារព្ធ ពិធីបុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ នៅក្នុងខែវស្សាចំនួនបីខែ ដែលនៅពេល នោះប្រជាជននាំគ្នាធ្វើចង្ហាន់ យកទៅប្រគេនដល់ព្រះសង្ឃនៅឯវត្ត ដោយសារតែខែនោះមាន ភ្លៀងធ្លាក់ខ្លាំងពេក។ ប៉ុន្តែសពថ្ងៃ គេប្រារព្ធពិធីបុណ្យនេះ តែដប់ប្រាំថ្ងៃតែប៉ុនោះដោយការ មមាញឹករបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល ក៏ដូចជាប្រជាជននៅក្នុងខែនោះ គេបាន បន្ថយរយៈពេលមកខ្លីវិញ។ ពិធីបុណ្យនេះ ចែកចេញជាពីរថ្នាក់ ដោយចាប់ពី ថ្ងៃ១រោច ដល់ថ្ងៃ១៤រោច ខែភទ្របទ គឺជាថ្ងៃ កាន់បិណ្ឌ ដែលប្រជាជនទូទាំងប្រទេស មកជួបជុំ គ្រួសារ​និងធ្វើ ចង្ហាន់យកទៅវត្ត។ ចំណែកឯ ថ្នាក់ទីពីរវិញ គឺជាថ្ងៃបុណ្យភ្ជុំដែលត្រូវនឹងថ្ងៃ ១៥រោច។ ​រដូវបុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ ចាប់តាំងពីសម័យបុរាណ កាលរហូតមកដល់បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ ពិធីបុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌនេះគេតែងតែប្រារព្ធ នៅក្នុងរដូវវស្សា ព្រោះនៅ ក្នុងរដូវនេះពពួកប្រេត អាចមាន ឱកាសច្រើនក្នុងការស្វែងរក ចំណីអាហារ ជាងរដូវផ្សេងៗ ទាំងអស់។ ម្យ៉ាងវិញទៀតនៅក្នុង វស្សារដូវ អាហាររបស់ពួកប្រេត ដូចជាភក់ជ្រាំ ស្លេស្ម៍ និងកំហាក សម្បូរនៅក្នុង ខែភ្លៀងផ្គរ។ រយះពេល ១៥ថ្ងៃនេះ មានពពួក បេតជន (ពួកប្រេត) សាច់ញាតិទាំងប្រាំពីរសណ្ដាន ដែលអត់ឃ្លានអាហារអស់រយៈ ពេលជាច្រើនខែមកហើយនោះ ត្រូវបានរួចផុតពីការឃុំឃាំង អនុញ្ញាត ឲ្យមកស្វែងរកសាច់ញាតិ នៅតាមវត្តអារាមផ្សេងៗ ដែលនាំយកចំណីអាហារផ្សេងៗ មកឧទ្ទិសកុសល ឲ្យខ្លួន។ ម្យ៉ាងវិញទៀត បើតាមសម្ដីចាស់ៗបុរាណនិយាយតៗគ្នាថា ក្នុងរយៈពេល១៥ថ្ងៃ បើពពួក បេតជនទាំងអស់នោះដើរស្វែងរកញាតិចំនួន៧វត្ត នៅតែមិនឃើញ នោះពពួកប្រេតទាំងអស់ នោះនឹងស្រែកយំទន្ទ្រាំជើង ព្រោះតែការខកបំណង និងភាព ស្រេកឃ្លានក្រហល់ក្រហាយ ក្នុងចិត្ត។ ជាពិសេសពពួកបេតជនទាំងអស់នោះ នឹងជេរដាក់ បណ្ដាសាដល់សាច់ញាតិ កូនចៅជាមិនខាន។

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាគេ ប្រារព្ធពីធីបុណ្យនេះ?

គេប្រារព្ធពីធីបុណ្យនេះ​ ដើម្បីដាក់បិណ្ឌ ដើម្បីឧទ្ទិសដល់ បេតបុគ្គលជាឪពុក ម្តាយ បងប្អូន ញាតិសន្តានទាំងឡាយ ដែលបានចែកស្ថានទៅ ហើយមិនដឹងជាទៅចាប់ កំណើតនៅលោក ខាងមុខជាអ្វីនោះ។

តើគេធ្វើអ្វីខ្លះ នៅក្នុងពីធីបុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ?

  • បោះបាយបិណ្ឌ
  • ទៅវត្ត (ចំនួន៧វត្ត)
  • ធ្វើនំគម អន្សម
  • ជួបជុំបងប្អូន

បរាភរសូត្រ

តែង​​ត្រូវ​​បាន​ព្រះសង្ឃ​សូត្រ​នៅ​ក្នុង​ព្រះវិហារ​​ជា​រៀងរាល់​ថ្ងៃ​នា​ពេល​ទៀប​ភ្លឺ​ នៅ​ក្នុង​ អំឡុង​ពេល​បុណ្យ​​កាន់​បិណ្ឌ។ នៅ​ក្នុង​បរាភវសូត្រ​នេះ​​ជា​រឿយៗ​គេ​ឮ​ឃ្លា​មួយ​ដែល​ថា​ នាំ​ឲ្យ​វិនាស។ ឃ្លា​នេះ ​ជា​ហេតុ​នាំ​​ឲ្យ​អ្នក​ខ្លះ​មាន​ទស្សនៈ​ថា​ ពួក​គេ​មិន​ហ៊ាន​ស្ដាប់​ធម៌​​បរាភវសូត្រ​ទេ​ ព្រោះ​ខ្លាច ​វិនាស។

តាម​ពិត​បរាភវសូត្រ​មាន​ន័យ​ថា «មាត្រា​ដែល​ពោល​ពី​ធម្មជាតិ​ដែល​គ្មាន​ក្ដី​ចម្រើន​​ ឬ​ធម៌​ជា​ហេតុ​​នាំ​ឲ្យ​មាន​ក្ដី​វិនាស»។ សូត្រ​នេះ​មាន​នៅ​ក្នុង​គម្ពីរ​សុត្តន្តបិដក​ខុទ្ទកនិកាយ​​ សុត្តនិបាត​ តតិយភាគ​ទី​៥៤​ ទំព័រ​ទី​៣៦។ ធម៌​នេះ​យើង​អាច​អះអាង​ថា​ មិនមែន​ធ្វើ​ឲ្យ​អ្នក​ស្ដាប់​ បាន​ដល់​នូវ​ក្ដី​ វិនាស​ឡើយ​ ផ្ទុយ​ទៅ​វិញ​ធ្វើ​ឲ្យ​អ្នក​ស្ដាប់​បាន​ដឹង​ច្បាស់​​ពី​មូលហេតុ​ដែល​នាំ​ឲ្យ​វិនាស​ ហើយ​ឲ្យ​គេ​ ជៀសវាង​ ដើម្បី​គេច​ឲ្យ​ផុត​ពី​ក្ដី​​វិនាស​ហើយ​ ប្រសិន​បើ​គេ​មិន​បាន​ស្ដាប់​ធម៌​នេះ​ គេ​អាច​​នឹង​មិន​ដឹង ​ពី​ហេតុ​​ដែល​នាំ​ឲ្យ​វិនាស​​ហេតុ​នេះ​អាច​នឹង​ប្រព្រឹត្ត​ខុស​ជា​​ហេតុ​នាំ​ឲ្យ​វិនាស​ទៅ​វិញ​ទេ។ ក្នុង​នោះ​ ព្រះពុទ្ធ​បាន​បង្រៀន​ពី​ហេតុ​ផល​សាមញ្ញៗ​ និង​ជាក់ស្ដែង​​ដូចជា​ថា​ បុគ្គល​ដែល​មាន​វ័យ​ចំណាស់ ​ពេក​ហើយ​យក​មនុស្ស​ក្មេង​ជា​ប្រពន្ធ​ប្ដី​ភាព​ជា​បុគ្គល​អកត្ដញ្ញូ​ មិន​ដឹង​គុណ​ឪពុកម្ដាយ​ អ្នក​លេង​ល្បែង​ ៣​ប្រការ​ គឺ​​ល្បែង​ស្រី​ ល្បែង​ស្រា​ និង​ល្បែង​ភ្នាល់​ គ្រប់​ប្រភេទ​ ភាព​ជា​អ្នក​ខ្ជិល​ច្រអូស​ជា​ដើម ​ថា​ហេតុ​នាំ​មក​នូវ​ក្ដី​វិនាស។ ទាក់ទិន​នឹង​ ជំនឿ​ដែល​ពុទ្ធបរិស័ទ​លើកឡើង​អំពី​ការពូន​ភ្នំខ្សាច់ នៅអំឡុង​ពេល​បុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ​នេះ វាជា​ជំនឿ​មួយដែល​ខ្មែរយើង​ទូទៅ​យល់ថា វាល្អ​ហើយ​មាន ​ប្រយោជន៍​ទើប​ពួកគាត់​ធ្វើ។ ហើយ​បានដាក់​លុយ​ទៅតាម​ភ្នំខ្សាច់​នីមួយៗ ព្រមទាំង​អុជធូប​ស្មាលា កំហុស​បាប​មួយ​ចំនួន ​ដែលខ្លួន​បានសាង​ឡើង ដោយ​មិនបាន​ចាប់អារម្មណ៍​កន្លង​មក។ ការ​ពូន ភ្នំ​ខ្សាច់នេះ​ ក៏ជាការ​ឧទ្ទិសកុសល​មួយ​ជូនដល់​ឧបការីជន​ទាំងឡាយ ​ដែលបាន​លាចាក​ លោក​ផងដែរ។

វិធីបោះបាយបិណ្ឌ

នៅ​ព្រលឹម​ម៉ោង​៤ព្រឹក ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ​តែងតែ​នាំគ្នា​ដើរ​ទៅវត្ដ​អារ៉ាម ​ជាមួយ​នឹងនំចំណី​ ដែល​ធ្វើរួច​ជាស្រេច ​ដាក់ក្នុង​ចានការ​បោះបាយ​បិណ្ឌ​ ជាជំនឿ​អរូបិយ​មួយ​ផងដែរ ដែល​ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ​ ខ្មែរយើង​និយម​ធ្វើជា​រៀងរាល់​ព្រឹក ដើម្បី​បញ្ជូន​ឬឧទ្ទិស​កុសល​ឱ្យទៅ​ញាតិ​សន្ដាន​ សាច់​សាលោ​ហិត ដែលបាន​ចែកឋាន​ទៅ​បរលោក។ ការ​បោះ​បាយ​បិណ្ឌ (ការ​បោះ​ដុំ​បាយ) អ្នក​ដែល​​ជឿ​ថា​ បោះ​បាយ​ បិណ្ឌ​​មាន​ប្រយោជន៍​គិត​ថា​ បោះ​បាយ​បិណ្ឌ​គឺ​បោះ​ឲ្យ​ពួក​ប្រេត ហេតុ​នេះ​ទើប​នៅ​តំបន់​ខ្លះ ​មិន​ហៅ​ បាយ​បិណ្ឌ​ទេ​ តែ​ហៅ​ថា​បាយ​ប្រេត។

ប្រេតទាំង១២

រឿងដែលទាក់ទងអំពីប្រវត្តិបុណ្យភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ

  • ព្រេង​ទាក់ទង​នឹង​បុណ្យ​ភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ-បណ្ដែត​ដូន

មាន​សេចក្ដី​ដំណាល​ថា មាន​ឈ្មួញ​សំពៅ៥០០ ធ្វើ​ដំណើរ​ចេញ​ទៅ​ជួញ​តាម​សមុទ្រ។ លុះ​ទៅ​ដល់​កោះ​ មួយ​នោះជួន​ជា​ល្ងាច និង​ធ្វើ​ដំណើរ​ទៅ​មុខ​ទៀត​នឹង​ស្ទើរ ទើប​នាំ​គ្នា​ចូល​ចត​សំពៅ​នៅ​ទី​នោះ។ កោះ​នោះជា​កោះ​ដាច់​ស្រយាល ឥត​មាន​មនុស្ស​នៅ​ទេ ហើយ​ពេល​យប់ តែង​តែ​មាន​ពួក​ប្រេត​នាំ​គ្នា​ដើរ​ មក​រក​ស៊ី។ ពួក​ប្រេត​ទាំង​នោះ លុះ​ដើរ​ក្រវែល​រក​អាហារ ឃើញ​មនុស្ស​ដេក​ក្នុង​សំពៅ ក៏​ចាប់​មនុស្ស ​កំពុង​ដេក​លក់ យក​ទៅ​ឲ្យ​ចៅហ្វាយ​វា​ខ្លះ គិត​នឹង​ហែក​ស៊ី​ខ្លះ។ ពួក​មនុស្ស​ដេក​លក់​ដោយ​សារ​សំឡេង​ ប្រេត​និយាយ​គ្នា ក៏​ភ្ញាក់​ឡើង ភ័យ​ស្លុត យំ​សោក​ទ្រហឹង ខំ​អង្វរ​ករ​ដូច​ម្ដេច ក៏​ពួក​វា​ពុំ​ព្រម ហើយ​គិត​តែ ​ពី​ចាប់​នាំ​ទៅ​ប្រគល់​ឲ្យ​ចៅហ្វាយ​នាយ​វា។

សម្រែក​យំសោក បណ្ដាល​ឲ្យ​ផ្អើល​អស់​មនុស្ស​ទាំង ៥០០ សំពៅ ។ ពេល​នោះ នាយ​សំពៅ​ម្នាក់ ជា​អ្នក​ឈ្លាស​វៃ នឹក​ឃើញ​ថា “បើ​ទោះ​ជា​ត្រូវ​ស្លាប់ ក៏​ត្រូវ​តែ​ហ៊ាន​ប្រថុយ​និយាយ​តវ៉ា​ឲ្យ​អស់​ចិត្ត​សិន មិន​ត្រូវ​ឲ្យ​គេ​ផ្ដាច់​ជីវិត​ទទេ​ៗ ឡើយ” គិត​ហើយ ក៏​តាំង​ស្មារតី​អង់​អាច និយាយ​ទៅ​កាន់​ស្ដេច​ប្រេត សូម​ឲ្យ​លែង​ពួក​ខ្លួន, តែ​ស្ដេច​ប្រេត​នោះ​ឆ្លើយ​ថា “យើង​នឹង​សែង​ពួក​ឯង​ទៅ​វិញ​មិន​បាន​ទេ ព្រោះ​ពួក​ យើង​ស្រេក​ឃ្លាន​ណាស់ យ៉ាង​នេះ​ម្ដង បើ​លែង​ពួក​អ្នក​ឯង​ទៅ មិន​ដឹង​កាល​ណា​នឹង​បាន​ទៀត​ទេ ពួក​យើង​ខ្សត់​អាហារ​ណាស់ !” ។

នាយ​ឈ្មួញ​អង្វរ​ថា :

សុំ​លោក​លែង​ពួក​យើង​ទាំង​អស់​វិញ​ចុះ យើង​សន្យា​ថា “នឹង​ទទួល​រក​អាហារ​ជូន​លោក រាល់​ឆ្នាំ លុះ​ត្រា​តែ​អស់​ជីវិត, បើ​លោក​ពិសា​យើង​ទៅ​នោះ លោក​បាន​ឆ្អែត​តែ​មួយ​គ្រា​ប៉ុណ្ណោះ, អំណឹះ​តទៅ លោក​នឹង​ត្រូវ​អត់​ឃ្លាន​ទៀត, បើ​ពួក​យើង​សន្យា​នឹង​លោក​យ៉ាង​នេះ តើ​លោក​យក​ផ្លូវ​ណា? លោក​សុខ​ចិត្ត​ពិសារ​រូប​យើង​ឲ្យ​បាន​តែ​មួយ​ចម្អែត ឬ​ក៏​សុខ​ចិត្ត​ទុក​ជីវិត​ពួក​យើង ដើម្បី​ឲ្យ​ទៅ​ រក​អាហារ​ជូន​លោក​វិញ?។

ពួក​ប្រេត ឮ​សំណើ​នៃ​នាយ​ឈ្មួញ​ដូច្នេះ ក៏​គិត​គ្នា​មួយ​សន្ទុះ ទើប​ព្រម​ដោះ​លែង​ពួក​ឈ្មួញ ហើយ​ផ្ដាំ​ផ្ញើ​ថា “កាល​បើ​ពួក​អ្នក​បាន​ទៅ​ដល់​ស្រុក​ទេស​ខ្លួន​ហើយ កាល​ណា មាន​ខ្យល់​ជំនោរ​ ធ្លាក់​មក​ពី​ទិស​ឯ​ជើង អ្នក​ទាំង​អស់​គ្នា ត្រូវ​ធ្វើ​ក្បួន​ផ្ទុក​ធញ្ញជាតិ និង​អាហារ​គ្រប់​យ៉ាង មាន​លាជ, សណ្ដែក, ល្ង, ដូង, អំបុក, ចេក ជាដើម បណ្ដែត​តាម​ខ្សែ​ទឹក​មក​ឲ្យ​យើង​ចុះ មិន​បាច់​នាំ​មក​ផ្ទាល់​ទេ, ជំនោរ​ខ្យល់ នឹង​បញ្ជូន​មក​ដល់​យើង​ហើយ”។

ឮ​តែ​ប៉ុណ្ណេះ ពួក​អ្នក​សំពៅ អរ​រក​អ្វី​ប្រៀប​ពុំ​បាន ហើយ​ក៏​នាំ​គ្នា​ចុះ​សំពៅ​រចោក​រចល់​ខ្ញៀវខ្ញារ បើក​ចេញ​ផុត​ពី​នោះ​យ៉ាង​ប្រញាប់។ លុះ​ទៅ​ដល់​ភូមិ​ស្រុក ជួប​ជុំ​គ្រួសារ​ហើយ ត្រូវ​នឹង​ពេល​ ជិត​ដល់​រដូវ​ភ្ជុំ ដែល​ទឹក​ឡើង​ជា​លំដាប់​ផង អ្នក​ដែល​បាន​សន្យា​នឹង​ប្រេត​ទាំង​នោះ ក៏​នាំ​គ្នា​ធ្វើ​នំ​នែក រក​ចេក​អំពៅ លាជ ស្រូវ អង្ករ ផ្លែ​ឈើ ដែល​មាន​ក្នុង​រដូវ​នោះ ធ្វើ​ពោង​ពាយ ហើយ​ដាក់​បណ្ដែត ​បញ្ជូន​ទៅ​ឲ្យ​ប្រេត​តាម​ខ្សែ​ទឹក​រាល់​ៗ ឆ្នាំ។ មនុស្ស​ជាន់​ដើម កាន់​ពាក្យ​សច្ចៈ​ល្អ​ណាស់ បើ​និយាយ​ សន្យា​ថា​ដូច​ម្ដេច​ហើយ មិន​ហ៊ាន​បំពាន​ទេ។ ចំណេរ​ត​មក អ្នក​ស្រុកក៏​នាំ​គ្នា​ធ្វើ​ត​ៗ មកទៅ​ជា​ទំនៀម​ ទម្លាប់ដោយ​យល់​ថា ”ធ្វើ​បុណ្យ​បណ្ដែត​ស្រូវ​អង្ករ​ទៅ​ឲ្យ​ដូនតា ដែល​ទៅ​កើត​ជា​ប្រេត ឋិត​នៅ​ឯ​ស្រុក​ ទន្លេ​ស្ងួត កន្ទួត​មួយ​ដើម” នោះ​វិញ។

  • ព្រះបាទ​ពិម្ពិសារ​

ប្រវត្ដិ​បុណ្យ​ភ្ជុំបិណ្ឌ​នេះ​ដែរ បើ​តាម គម្ពី​រោកកុឌសូត្រ បាន​លើកឡើងថាព្រះបាទ ​ពិម្ពិសារ​មាន​ញាតិ​មួយ​ក្រុមបាន​បំពេញ​ទាន​មិន​បរិសុទ្ធគឺ​ស៊ីបាយ​មុន​លោកពេលលាចាក​ខាង ​មុខក៏​កើត​ជា «ប្រេត»។​លុះ​ដល់​ព្រះសម្ពុទ្ធ ព្រះនាម​កុក្ក បាន​ត្រាស់​ដឹង​ឡើង​ក្នុង​លោក ពួក​ប្រេត​ទាំងនោះ​ទៅ​សួរ​ព្រះ​ថា ចុះ​យើង​ខ្ញុំ​កាលណា​បាន​អាហារ​បរិភោគ​? ព្រះពុទ្ធ​ត្រាស់​ថា ចាំ​សួរ​ព្រះពុទ្ធ​ជាន់​ក្រោយ​ចុះ ក្នុង​សាសនា​តថាគត អ្នក​ទាំងឡាយ​នឹង​បាន​អាហារ​បរិភោគ។

Dinosaur Investigation

In the first exploration in the course of 2017-2018, I studied Dinosaur Investigation. First of all, we knew that there a footprint site in Battambang province from the Department of Geology in Ministry of Mine and Energy, Cambodia. This is the new topic for me and for my team. As it is a new topic for us, it quite difficult for us to do field methodology including casting and identifying the footprints. Our team spent a day walking around the area to do field method for possible footprints such as taking notes, measuring the length and the size of the footprints, identifying rock type and recording geographic coordinates and elevation. We then used clay and plaster of Paris to make casts of the footprints for more investigation in class. Besides doing the casts, we interviewed some people around the area whether they believe in dinosaurs and it turned out that they didn’t believe that dinosaurs existed. We had recorded about 15 difference footprints on the site by dividing the whole big site into four smaller sites call A, B, C, and D.

After this inconvenient day, we finally cast from the prints that we think it is dinosaur’s footprints. After having all the casting, our next immense goal is to validate our footprints by writing our own report. Therefore, we created a report that contains all of the information such as, the site and the landmark and the footprint itself, in order for us to send this report to other experts. So, we then worked with five paleontologists around the globe to validate and help us on the footprints that we have discovered.

Dinosaur Footprints Species Key Characteristics

Through working with other paleontologists from around the world we managed to validate our footprints and it turned out that some of our footprints are actually the real dinosaur footprints. So now we need to work on preservation and distribute all the information to Cambodia and all around the world.

 

Saltwater Battery Investigation

Project Name: Salt Energy Battery

Your Name: Panharith Yav

Question:

What are the elements can be used to create the saltwater battery?

Background Information:

The electrical battery is the devices that made out of one or more electrochemical cell which is a device that necessary to generate electrical energy or facilitate the chemical reaction to generate the energy. Nowadays, batteries are really common daily in used for flashlights, phones, cameras and many other electrical suppliers. Moreover, there are two terminals on the batteries which are the positive terminal called cathode and the negative terminal called anode. With the electrolytes inside the battery, it allows the cathode and anode to exchange the ions when they move in one direction as they deliver the electricity and it will recharge when it moves to another direction. Currently, the batteries that people use daily are really effective to the environment when they throw it away. So, now people are trying to discover a new type of batteries that have no damage on the environment and sustainable for daily life uses.

Salt Water Battery:

Saltwater battery is the battery that has salty water, copper, zinc that attached to each other in the cup. With normal fresh water is very poor to the conductor of electricity but if we add salt into the solution it’ll become an electrolyte solution that can conduct electricity. So by adding salt to the pure water, when the salt or sodium chloride dissolved, they separate into different electrically charged atom which is called ions; when the salt is dissolved in will turn into the positive Na (sodium) ions and the negative Cl (chloride) ions. Additionally, electricity work through the negative charge and positive charge in the battery. Normally, we use copper wire in the electrical product; copper is a type of metal which it can conduct electricity really well. Zinc more readily to loses electrons than copper, so if we place zinc and copper metal in solutions of their salts can cause electrons to flow through an external wire which leads from the zinc to the copper. So in the middle of the solution, we can place a LED light to test, you will see the light is gleaming.

Hypothesis:

The zinc will lose their electrons to try to balance their atoms, so the copper will receive the electrons from zinc which in that process there is electricity between both of it.

Experiment or Design:

To design this experiment first we need five medium-size beakers, six alligators clips, five zinc coins and five copper plates.

Step to Build the Experiment:

Step 1: Filled the beakers with 200 mL of fresh water each.

Step 2: Add 3 tablespoons of table salt to those beakers.

Step 3: Connect the alligator clip one side to the zinc coins and another to the copper plate.

   **(Make Sure there a clip connect to only zinc coin and another connection to only copper plate)**

Step 4: Place the coppers plates and zinc coin in the beakers (in one beaker there should be one zinc coin and one copper plate that not touch each other).

Step 5: There should be one beaker with the only copper plate and one with only zinc coin so place the remaining copper and zinc to the beaker where it missing.

Step 6: After placing the two remaining component there should be two sides of the alligators clip left.

Step 7: Connect the two side of the alligators clip to electronic devices such as LED and voltmeter to find how much the salt battery can conduct.

Data Charts:

The data show that when we added more salt into the water the voltage is increased at the same time.

Results:

According to the data above, in the result, the salt water battery is able to conduct a small amount of electricity. The graph shows that the voltage is increased over time when you add more salt to the water. Moreover, after the voltage is increasing it often falling back for example in about the 22 seconds the voltage is increasing but look at the 27 and 30 seconds the voltage is falling back. Even though this is a few voltages that the salt water battery had conducted, you can say that if you were to design it on a larger scale it may run for a whole house or classroom light. Additionally, if you look at the LED light that attached to the solution you can clearly saw that it actually glow. So when zinc loses electrons and the copper gain one, and if we place zinc and copper metal in solutions of their salts can cause electrons to flow through an external wire which leads from the zinc to the copper. The electron that flows from zinc to copper will create the current and will to be electricity.

Conclusion:

The graph result shows that the voltage is increased over time when you add more salt to the water. Moreover, after the voltage is increasing it often falling back for example in about the 22 seconds the voltage is increasing but look at the 27 and 30 seconds the voltage is falling back. This clearly shows that the salt water battery is working and we also saw the there are some amount of voltages. Moreover, we can see the pattern when the voltages were going up and falling back when and after we added more salt into the solution, According to the result and the data distributed we can say that the result strongly supports the hypothesis up above. Additionally, the result means that the topic of salt water battery should be the next focus for scientists who try to develop the green energy. Besides, this experiment is on a small scale so the result doesn’t really affect the people perspective on using the salt water battery but if it were to be a larger scale it would of do so. So the next plan is, how can we develop salt water battery into a larger scale and when are we able to do it so?

Bibliography:

Works Cited

“Battery (electricity).” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Aug. 2017. Web. 14 Sept. 2017.

Dhurde, Samir. “Salt Water Battery.” Toys from Trash. Web. 14 Sept. 2017.

“Electrochemical Cell.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 08 Sept. 2017. Web. 14 Sept. 2017.

“How Batteries Work.” HowStuffWorks. 01 Apr. 2000. Web. 14 Sept. 2017.

“How Salt Water Batteries Can Be Used for Safe, Clean Energy Storage.” How Salt Water Batteries Can Be Used for Safe, Clean Energy Storage – Electronic Products. Web. 14 Sept. 2017.

“Welcome to Battery University!” Basic to Advanced Battery Information from Battery University. Web. 14 Sept. 2017.

Book:

Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications

3.4.2 Energy Transformation, Page 283

This I Believe

This I Believe: Friendship Present Happiness

Looking back to the experiences I had had with my friends when I was studying at the government school located in Kampong Speu province. Now, I understand how much I love my friends and how much I need them to be with me. We used to laughed, played, running around and even came into an argument with each other. But at the end, we are the one that makes one another happy. So this I believe, friendships will present happiness to every one of people surrounding here.

I remembered when I was in the first grade, I was then, a little shy boy who just reached the age of being to school. I was shy, and not even talk to other because I didn’t know them. I believe that I was the smallest one in class. My mother, always brought me to school, but she returned to home afterward, suddenly I look through the window my mother was gone and I started to cry and cry. Immediately, my first-grade teacher comes up to me and asked what had happened. I didn’t answer back to her, just because I still in sobbing. Then, the sound of ringing the bell emerge into my everyone ears, but I still sit in my table and crying. In the same moment, my classmate came up to me and asked to go out and play with him. I go out and play with him, and I really how fun it is to have friends to play with you, and you never forget this moment when you first made a friendship with this person.

Three years went on, my friends moved to the different school because his parents are moving to a different place. I met new classmates and I feel really shy to talk with them, so in the first week, I was set alone in class. But, a week move on I still remembered my friend in first grade and I realized that I should make more friends, to be a happy human. So, I came up to my classmates and say hello to them, and every day on, they always call me to play with. We were really happy, so did I. We started calling each other brothers and sisters and treated each other like siblings. This lesson, of making friends are always followed my heart and myself everywhere I went.

Now, I am studying at Liger Learning Center, which all of the students are from different provinces of the country. When I met them for the first time, I knew none of them except the people who from my province, Kampong Speu. But, through what my life taught me to make friends whenever I move to somewhere new which my parents can’t be with me all the time. My new friends and I coming together and live in one family, which allows us to be happy at the same time. This I believe, wherever you go, for work, for the living or for study you need to make friends. Friends are the only elements that help you when you get down, talk with you, play with you and have fun with you. So be kind to people, and start to say hello and join with whoever you met in your life, it will change your life and you will live with happiness for all the time.

 

Khmer History Book Summary

Summary of the Cambodia’s History During the French Colonization

Once over time, during the French Colonization in Cambodia from 1863 to 1953, everyone in the country was busy with, the foreign invaded the country. Many and many chiefs always have met with the king at Udong, to protect the country from French leader and Vietnam. Many citizens waive their life to defend this nation, and many leaders gathered villagers for their troops to fight back against Vietnam. But sadly, those leaders were getting kill by Vietnamese soldier, which they famously buried them only to emerge the head where they put to secure the pot to boil water. Cambodian never gives up to fight back to bring peace and freedom to this country.

This story was first to take place in a house covered with tiles roof, mangoes trees and other plants everywhere. This is where one of the leaders who sacrificed his life for this country live. Ji-Sva is the steward of a tycoon couples house, and he is working very very hard every day, also loyal to his landlords. The husband tycoon was really busy every day at the royal palace for meetings. Ji-Sva listens quietly and heard what the meeting about, so Ji-Sva feel upset and angry to Vietnam. Ji-Sva hated Vietnam more and more over time, so he decides that this is the time he should leave the tycoon’s house and find destiny to fight back against Vietnam. He also changed his name to Ah-Jah Sva. During an evening at the rice field, Ah-Jah Sva met at the guy who has the shovel on his shoulder and looks like he been suffering from something. So, Ah-Jah Sva asks him what happened, and it all about Vietnam invaded the country, took control the villages and take everything that belongs to the villagers. Ah-Jah Sva feel sad, and know that this is his time to revenge Vietnam, so he told the guy that he is prince “Phim” the some of the previous king “Em”, who fled away from the country to Thailand and want to come back to fight against the foreigners. The guy decided to join Ah-Jah Sva, to help out other Cambodians. Ah-Jah Sva, picked the guy to be his assistant and started to mobilize the citizens to join him and fight over Vietnamese. Ah-Jah Sva told the villagers that he is prince Phim the son of the king Em, who fled to Thailand and wanted to help out the country against foreign invaders. Everyone started to believe him, and know that he has a magical tactic in war. He leads the group and faced Vietnamese in war, and Vietnamese are all run away out of line and scared of Ah-Jah Sva’s armies from that day on. Speaking of the tycoon and the king at Udong knows that Ah-Jah Sva mobilized armies and fight back against the foreigners, they get really happy and touted him. Even though, Vietnam’s armies run away in the village that Ah-Jah Sva control, there are many places that Vietnam invaded and also been fighting back against them by the royal’s armies. Many and many centurions, had led armies and fight back against Vietnam but almost all of them are were defeated.

This is where the second place where Ah-Jah Sva moved to call, “Veang Snore”. He told his assistant, to meet with the chief in that village and call him to join the group. Ah-Jah Sva’s troops started to get bigger and bigger, and every Vietnamese troop also scared this troops. Ah-Jah Sva, was too happy, the pride of his victory, and forget about his purpose on fighting against Vietnam he ends up going to war with the same race, which Cambodians fight with Cambodians. Ah-Jah Sva has killed many country loyal leaders because he was crazy with his power and want to be famous. Ah-Jah Sva continues fighting against French armies and the king’s armies, till his troops were almost eliminated by the king. King Norodom, was mad and unhappy with what Ah-Jah Sva have done, not fight against the foreign but fight against the same race, so the king announced to all the citizens who able to capture Ah-Jah Sva alive will be giving a price. Time went on, Ah-Jah Sva and his assistant were in threat one by the king’s armies and two Vietnam’s armies were coming back to Cambodia. After knowing that the king is hunting him, Ah-Jah Sva told his man to kill some of the king soldiers and the citizens who disagree with his discipline.

Ah-Jah Sva moved to a different location called, “Mort Jruok” and told his assistant to go and convince the village chief to join him. The village chief thought was a secret spy from the king who was willing to join Ah-Jah Sva in order to capture him alive. They talk and talk until they reached the agreement to meet with Ah-Jah Sva and the camp. Vietnam heard the information that Ah-Jah Sva was hunted by the king, so Vietnam takes that opportunity to kill Ah-Jah Sva who had defeated them once. Vietnamese armies surrounded the camp and want to capture Ah-Jah Sva, so his loyal assistant told Ah-Jah Sva to stay in the hole whether something happened do not come out. Ah-Jah Sva was out alive with his assistant from Vietnam’s armies but all his troops were running away from them. Ah-Jah Sva and Doung, the assistant run to a pagoda and took it as the place to hide. The two soldiers leaders wanted the price from the king, so they followed Ah-Jah Sva to the pagoda and looking for him. Ah-Jah Sva was founded hiding on the ceiling at the pagoda, so the both of the soldiers take their gun and scared Ah-Jah Sva to come down. But sadly, Ah-Jah Sva was too afraid and lose his hand to the ceiling and fall down dead at the moment.

After Ah-Jah was found dead, the two receive their price as the commune chief. But still France didn’t give us back the independent and they scared of people will get up and fight against them back, so they give the king less power and can only stay in the palace.

This is one of the sad story in Cambodia’s history, which Cambodia fall dramatically and all the foreigners trying to invade this country. From this history, I am Cambodian myself shouldn’t repeat this moment again in the future. I salute to all the Cambodian who fight back for the freedom of the country and bring back the independent. Thanks to king Norodom Sihanouk, for all his hard work, to help all Cambodian to bring and asked back the independent from France, on the day of 9th, November 1953.

 

Football Competition With EYC

Every weekend we trained and play football toughly. We try really hard to focus on our game and do different drills that the coach introduced. The coach also works hard to coach us, and we were divided into position. For me, I play as a defender, with the dominance of height of 1.73 meters I can quickly head the ball away. So for all of those training and play, we finally come face to face with another team from the Empowering Youth in Cambodia or known as EYC. The game started from juniors team into seniors girls team, for the two-games, we really have the advantage of winning, the girls and juniors boys were playing hard and competitive. So this is the senior’s boys team, EYC’s players are tall and physical, my team and they played really heavy on each other. The final minutes were nearly finished, suddenly I scored and goal and provide an assist as a defender. So even though we, Liger win the game, we still having lunch together, with EYC, and chat with each other.

2016/2017 Yearly Reflection

After five years at Liger Learning Center, I continue to make the positive impact to change Cambodia, as it is my beautiful country. In year five explorations the course of 2016-2017 there is three explorations that come into my mind that has helped to make a positive effect on changing Cambodia. Specifically, in year five, I have many explorations that take a step forward to change Cambodia, such as Preventative Health; Geology of Cambodia and Cambodia Infrastructure. In those explorations, I have done many things to change Cambodia and I am really glad that I had participated in those explorations.

In my second exploration, I studied Preventative Health. Our focus in this exploration is to teach people who live on the islands to be healthy, within anti-diabetes and teeth problems include teeth decay. In class, we collected all the information, and have done many pieces of research in order to take that knowledge of prevented people from diseases to share and teach those people on the islands. In this exploration, we had a field trip go to Koh Rong and specifically work with Song Saa Foundation to teach the people in Prek Svay village to know how to take care themselves. We had prepared a play, presentations and educational games for the children in two different schools on different islands. The play is about the two cousins, that one of them get diabetes and one has teeth decay, at the end, we emerge up the solution to those problems, which to have a healthy diet, balanced diet and brushing their teeth often and correctly every time after they had had a meal. We wish that those students will take the knowledge that we share with them, and continue sharing those experiences they had with us to their parents, cousins and or their neighbors. During this trip, we also have another chance to snorkel and scuba dives to see the reefs, seagrasses and other aquatic animals such as sea stars and seahorses. This action of studying about aquatic animals, it helped us to learn why are those animals are endangered, and for us to take action to prevent those species go extinct and to educate people about the benefit of those species to our country, which also make them change their perspective on those animals. So, during this exploration, I had had an agency to change Cambodia, which one is to educate people how to take themselves and two is to educate people about the benefit of those aquatic animals.

During my fourth exploration, I studied Geology of Cambodia, we are the first ever students in Cambodia to study and explore about geology in this country. In class we learned many things about rock and how it formed, we watch videos, researching on the precise website and get the information from the American geologist. We also have three field trips, which where we see and learn more about rock and identifying the rock type. We’ve been to Kep, Kampot, Koh Kong, Ratanakiri, and Mondulkiri, which both plains are on the opposite side of Cambodia. In most part of Kep, Kampot and Koh Kong we saw much limestone and sandstone which was formed in the ocean that due to the pressure and the depth of the sea. For Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri we mostly saw basalt which is in Igneous rock type and is formed in the volcanoes’ lava. Since we the first Cambodian to study about Cambodia’s geology, we gathered as much statistics as possible to share with many other Cambodians to know what Cambodia used to look like within geology. In our sharation, we share what we learned to Cambodians and foreigners that come to see our presentation about geology. We also hope that the changes, in government schools curricula, is to add geology in their focus, which is provided more education to Cambodians all over the country.

For the last exploration, I studied Cambodia Infrastructure. Infrastructure is all the physical structure that societies, cities, and countries need in order to develop, function and increase economic growth. Infrastructure helps countries to work efficiently, attract investment and businesses, and make citizen life easier promoting the country’s economy to grow which can create more jobs to the citizens as well. Therefore, everyone in the country will benefit from infrastructure. As Liger is a change agent school, our goal is to change Cambodia. So in this exploration, we want to change the look of Cambodia within the infrastructure, including health, transportation, utilities, and agriculture. We want to build new systems, for Cambodia to work well and efficiently like other developed countries. So in order, Cambodia to be more successful we need better road systems, better technology, and better every other thing. Specifically, in this exploration, we work on Minecraft, the game to build future Phnom Penh that has better roads, better technology, and better transportation systems include the subway. We build many things that we think that it would help Cambodia especially Phnom Penh, is one of the best city in the world. We also know that if Cambodia has better infrastructure, therefore many international businesses will come into Cambodia and start their business there because the companies will produce their products efficiently, take less time transport and it all benefit them. So in this exploration, we help to see future changes for Cambodia, in order to improve Cambodia to be better and better.

So, in year five at Liger, there are three explorations that come into my mind when we talk about changing Cambodia. As we all the Liger’s students, and the future leaders of Cambodia, we need to learn about our country and try to make it better and better on. We should try hard to learn, take all the education as much as we can, and not keep it inside you, please share with others, so they get to know what Cambodia should have to make it a developed country. At the end, I hope next year, during the course of 2017-2018, I get to participate in other exploration that helps to make positive changes in Cambodia and to make it even more better.